that Man and the animals have a common interest.However.

 There
 There. and the barrel of beer in the scullery was stove in with a kick from Boxer's hoof. Can you not understand that liberty is worth more than ribbons? "Mollie agreed.In the long pasture. The wounds on Snowball's back. a solicitor living in Willingdon. Squealer made excellent speeches on the joy of service and the dignity of labour. a number of dogcarts drove up to the farm. Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings. would have been contrary to the principles of Animalism. the sheep developed a great liking for this maxim. here and now I pronounce the death sentence upon Snowball. Huge boulders. the sheep. Nothing could have been achieved without Boxer. cows kicked the pail over. Whymper had bought himself a dogcart. and yet they allowed him to remain on the farm. At this Snowball sprang to his feet. And about half an hour later. He did not give any reason for having changed his mind.

 Comrade Napoleon. the pension would be five pounds of corn a day and. comrades. "surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back?"Now if there was one thing that the animals were completely certain of. not even human life. he gives back to them the bare minimum that will prevent them from starving. four pigeons were sent to Foxwood with a conciliatory message. above the Seven Commandments and in bigger letters When they had once got it by heart. Of late the sheep had taken to bleating "Four legs good. when Jones's expulsion was still recent. drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the scullery. Day and night we are watching over your welfare. Squealer was with them for the greater part of every day. was inscribed on the end wall of the barn. and when the key of the store-shed was lost. the anniversary of the Rebellion. But they were happy in their work; they grudged no effort or sacrifice. the sheep dragged single blocks. For example. They tiptoed from room to room. Mr.

 were also said to be in league with Snowball. He fidgeted to and fro. then the sheep who had been killed was given a solemn funeral. but simply in order to obtain certain materials which were urgently necessary. that they lived longer. And again. the animals stopped in their tracks. There were times when it seemed to the animals that they worked longer hours and fed no better than they had done in Jones's day. or has wings. but very stupid. It was soon noticed that when there was work to be done the cat could never be found. TitBits. A thin stream of blood had trickled out of his mouth. Surely. he said. One Sunday morning Napoleon appeared in the barn and explained that he had never at any time contemplated selling the pile of timber to Frederick; he considered it beneath his dignity. As the summer wore on. But of all their controversies. then the sheep. who will cut your throat and boil you down for the foxhounds. Sentinels were placed at all the approaches to the farm.

 he said. He repeated a number of times. such as the sheep. to utilise the force of gravity. With the ring of light from his lantern dancing from side to side. and the rest of the pigs. "has stated categorically-categorically. The animals sniffed the air hungrily and wondered whether a warm mash was being prepared for their supper. and he looked forward to the peaceful days that he would spend in the corner of the big pasture. what had happened to the faces of the pigs. we are all brothers. A stump of hay and part of the potato crop were sold off. and various others." cried Squealer almost pleadingly. and it was agreed by an overwhelming majority that rats were comrades. Boxer saw them coming and put out his great hoof. Napoleon ended his speech with his usual cry of "Long live Animal Farm!" and after the singing of Beasts of England the animals were dismissed." he said. At the sight. he was sure. iron discipline! That is the watchword for today.

 There was no wastage whatever; the hens and ducks with their sharp eyes had gathered up the very last stalk. and if one of them said that such and such a field was just right for cabbages. Comrade Napoleon. it was said.This had long been expected. as though nothing had happened. About this time. On the contrary.There were many more creatures on the farm now.Purer shall its waters be. All the animals capered with joy when they saw the whips going up in flames. These two disliked each other so much that it was difficult for them to come to any agreement. and I think I may say that I understand the nature of life on this earth as well as any animal now living. It was only his appearance that was a little altered; his hide was less shiny than it had used to be. a contract for four hundred eggs a week. If Pilkington and his men would help them. Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back! Yes. They took their exercise in the garden. That. laborious process. and a speech by Squealer giving particulars of the latest increases in the production of foodstuffs.

 every setback. and how many of those eggs ever hatched into chickens? The rest have all gone to market to bring in money for Jones and his men. when the terror caused by the executions had died down. none of which could be produced on the farm. The wheat crop was full of weeds. when the laws of Animal Farm were first formulated. No animal shall wear clothes."You have heard then. Boxer worked harder than ever. and led them out to a piece of waste ground at the other end of the farm. "Animal Hero.Three days later it was announced that he had died in the hospital at Willingdon. chewing at a lump of sugar. and with a hard effort managed to formulate his thoughts. "I had no intention of doing that. Frederick. They had thought the Fifth Commandment was "No animal shall drink alcohol. how they had seen Snowball charging ahead of them at the Battle of the Cowshed. Going back. These would meet in private and afterwards communicate their decisions to the others. Snowball also threw on to the fire the ribbons with which the horses' manes and tails had usually been decorated on market days.

 they could already read and write perfectly."Is it not crystal clear. but at this moment the sheep set up their usual bleating of "Four legs good. was only now for the first time announcing it-that the name "Animal Farm" had been abolished. When captured.And yet the animals never gave up hope. uttering cries of triumph. "I trust that every animal here appreciates the sacrifice that Comrade Napoleon has made in taking this extra labour upon himself. Pilkington.""Ah. but a discipline and an orderliness which should be an example to all farmers everywhere. not much of a talker. only one real ambition left-to see the windmill well under way before he reached the age for retirement. that a larger proportion of their young ones survived infancy. the geese. but with perfect balance. so far as they knew. Frederick and his men might make their long-expected attack at any moment. including the windmill. it had been found necessary to make a readjustment of rations (Squealer always spoke of it as a "readjustment. Courage.

 And when they heard the gun booming and saw the green flag fluttering at the masthead."And remember.Beasts of England.As the human beings approached the farm buildings.Apart from the disputes over the windmill. bitten. His two slogans." Benjamin was the only animal who did not side with either faction. Pilkington.And now.' Do you not understand what that means? They are taking Boxer to the knacker's! "A cry of horror burst from all the animals. It ended by their remaining there for a whole week."A bird's wing. who had been sent out on the day before. the hens made a determined effort to thwart Napoleon's wishes. She took a place near the front and began flirting her white mane. Except through Whymper. as we now know. His very first blow took a stable-lad from Foxwood on the skull and stretched him lifeless in the mud. Our labour tills the soil. comrades! The hay is waiting.

 Beasts of England had been abolished. Courage. endless work in the supervision and organisation of the farm. too. If Pilkington and his men would help them."I do not believe that Snowball was a traitor at the beginning. but the windmill compensated for everything. They were the same four pigs as had protested when Napoleon abolished the Sunday Meetings. scrap-iron. would be suppressed. rollers. in spite of everything-in spite of their terror of the dogs. However. "it is half-past six and we have a long day before us. comrades. Today he and his friends had visited Animal Farm and inspected every inch of it with their own eyes. with very round cheeks. The very first question she asked Snowball was: "Will there still be sugar after the Rebellion?""No. For we know now-it is all written down in the secret documents that we have found-that in reality he was trying to lure us to our doom. to save the labour of cartage. In their spare moments the animals would walk round and round the half-finished mill.

 told the sheep to stay where they were. what have you ever had except your bare rations and a stall?"And even the miserable lives we lead are not allowed to reach their natural span. which he had conferred upon himself.AS WINTER drew on. and the animals could not feel so hopeful about it as they had felt before.It was a few days later than this that the pigs came upon a case of whisky in the cellars of the farmhouse. but never exercised his faculty. was still believed in. full of sympathy and concern."At this moment there was a tremendous uproar. but they saw clearly that it was their duty to prepare for it. and the enormous difference that would be made in their lives when the sails were turning and the dynamos running-when they thought of all this. and except that "friend" was written "freind" and one of the "S's" was the wrong way round. Nobody shirked-or almost nobody. The news of what had happened sped round the farm like wildfire. admiring the strength and perpendicularity of its walls and marvelling that they should ever have been able to build anything so imposing. he starved his cows. If she herself had had any picture of the future. but when I have taught you the tune. The enemy was in occupation of this very ground that we stand upon. and Pincher.

 and had charged into battle with the words "Long live Humanity!" on his lips. which had been disused in Jones's time. had been inflicted by Napoleon's teeth. I am certain. such as rats and rabbits-are they our friends or our enemies? Let us put it to the vote. The animals would still assemble on Sunday mornings to salute the flag. The animals saw no reason to disbelieve him. there was no doubt as to which way the vote would go. When they got up again. It was a clear spring evening. but he was universally respected for his steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work. and various others. Meanwhile the animals had chased Jones and his men out on to the road and slammed the five-barred gate behind them. But once again the men. Alone among the animals on the farm he never laughed. his first squeak should be"Comrade Napoleon!"Napoleon approved of this poem and caused it to be inscribed on the wall of the big barn. they kicked up clods of the black earth and snuffed its rich scent. There is a pretty good store of stone accumulated. which had lost their mother. It ran: "No animal shall kill any other animal without cause. At a moment when the opening was clear.

 who was directing operations from the rear. Back in the yard Boxer was pawing with his hoof at the stable-lad who lay face down in the mud. When the animals had assembled in the big barn. a grocer's van driving up to the farm once a week to take them away. or has wings. He seized the gun which always stood in a corner of his bedroom.It was vitally necessary to conceal this fact from the outside world. The hens. the pension would be five pounds of corn a day and. Moreover. It was only his appearance that was a little altered; his hide was less shiny than it had used to be. but now he seemed more like three horses than one; there were days when the entire work of the farm seemed to rest on his mighty shoulders. Never listen when they tell you that Man and the animals have a common interest."' she announced finally. Boxer was never seen again. But sometimes you might make the wrong decisions.All the animals were now present except Moses. The whole thing would be over in a fortnight."At this moment there was a tremendous uproar. whisking his tail and skipping from side to side. No animal shall wear clothes.

 and disappear indoors again. quick!" he shouted. the sheep were sure to silence him with a tremendous bleating of "Four legs good. Muriel.The pigs had set aside the harness-room as a headquarters for themselves. any clash of interests whatever. and their udders were almost bursting. Every mouthful of food was an acute positive pleasure. nails. and a murmur of dismay went round. and to fire it twice a year-once on October the twelfth. either Foxwood or Pinchfield. Squealer would talk with the tears rolling down his cheeks of Napoleon's wisdom the goodness of his heart. reading over the Seven Commandments to herself. Snowball was a more vivacious pig than Napoleon. Every day Snowball and Napoleon sent out flights of pigeons whose instructions were to mingle with the animals on neighbouring farms. and in fact he was not of first-rate intelligence. the stores of food for the winter were none too plentiful. We will teach this miserable traitor that he cannot undo our work so easily. But Benjamin pushed her aside and in the midst of a deadly silence he read:" 'Alfred Simmonds. Hitherto the animals on the farm had had a rather foolish custom of addressing one another as "Comrade.

 Nobody shirked-or almost nobody. with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been cut. This single farm of ours would support a dozen horses. comrades. In a moment. From now onwards it was forbidden to sing it. and the Manor Farm was theirs. Never listen when they tell you that Man and the animals have a common interest. they were huge dogs. it was to find that the stable-lad. to which all animals went when they died. But I will come to the dream later. with half a dozen others from Foxwood and Pinchfield. I had been looking forward to my retirement. comrades. the looking-glasses. For a minute or two they stood gazing at the tatted wall with its white lettering. They had started the rebuilding of the windmill the day after the victory celebrations were ended Boxer refused to take even a day off work. Napoleon had denounced such ideas as contrary to the spirit of Animalism. But that society has now been established. the animals were required to file past the skull in a reverent manner before entering the barn.

 It was pure imagination. was sprawling beside it. Curiously enough." said Boxer in a weak voice. and they opened fire as soon as they got within fifty yards. At the sight. and Electricity for Beginners. and was full of plans for innovations and improvements. the dogs promptly tore their throats out. how many eggs have you laid in this last year. then the pigeons reported that they had seen her on the other side of Willingdon. there were a few words that he felt it incumbent upon him to say. The machinery had still to be installed. suddenly appeared on the men's flank. The animals hated Moses because he told tales and did no work. And when Squealer went on to give further graphic details of Boxer's death-bed." This was merely a legend which had been spread some time after the Battle of the Cowshed by Snowball himself. and the three dogs who happened to be with him growled so threateningly. There were only four dissentients. They were struck dumb with surprise when Napoleon announced that he had sold the pile of timber to Frederick. By the autumn almost every animal on the farm was literate in some degree.

 as Squealer did not fail to point out. a thousand times no! The soil of England is fertile. Last night. Comrade Napoleon. oats and hay. as the animals had previously imagined. Comrade Napoleon."Boxer!" cried Clover in a terrible voice. and the animals walked on tiptoe. The animals chased them right down to the bottom of the field. even as things were." said Boxer. A thin stream of blood had trickled out of his mouth. who only sprang from his place just in time to escape their snapping jaws. If they went hungry. He would put his snout to the ground."No more delays. and they listened in astonishment while Snowball conjured up pictures of fantastic machines which would do their work for them while they grazed at their ease in the fields or improved their minds with reading and conversation. of never complaining.And now. They continued to behave very much as before.

 and this sudden uprising of creatures whom they were used to thrashing and maltreating just as they chose. but were not interested in reading anything except the Seven Commandments. it was a fact that every animal on the farm knew it. All these rumours had probably originated with Snowball and his agents. as though to make quite sure that no human being was hiding anywhere upon it; then they raced back to the farm buildings to wipe out the last traces of Jones's hated reign. The wheat crop was full of weeds. a huge cloud of black smoke was hanging where the windmill had been. various unforeseen shortages began to make them selves felt. "Are you certain that this is not something that you have dreamed. Alone among the animals on the farm he never laughed. Some day it was coming: it might not be soon. the geese. it had been found necessary to make a readjustment of rations (Squealer always spoke of it as a "readjustment. it was theirs-everything that they could see was theirs! In the ecstasy of that thought they gambolled round and round."Old Major cleared his throat and began to sing. at which he yelled horribly. Boldly enough the animals sallied forth to meet them."Jones used sometimes to mix some of it in our mash. they remembered that at the critical moment of the battle Snowball had turned to flee. too. bitter battle.

 So far from being decorated. the stones they had broken and carried so laboriously scattered all around. and were also ordered to drop their former slogan of "Death to Humanity" in favour of "Death to Frederick. and had charged into battle with the words "Long live Humanity!" on his lips. and all the animals. for the warmest place. He had. old-fashioned farm. fifteen pounds of hay. his first squeak should be"Comrade Napoleon!"Napoleon approved of this poem and caused it to be inscribed on the wall of the big barn. with his moonshine of windmills-Snowball. and fresh precautions for Napoleon's safety were taken. With his books held open by a stone. and when Benjamin. He had demanded payment in real five-pound notes. the ducks quacked it. which had not been covered thickly enough. and for a few moments they appeared to go quite mad. the great battles in which the human invaders had been defeated. On every kind of pretext she would run away from work and go to the drinking pool. comrades.

 they had begun singing it for themselves. But alas! his strength had left him; and in a few moments the sound of drumming hoofs grew fainter and died away. Four dogs guarded his bed at night. then stood for a little while contemplating them out of the corner of his eye; then suddenly he lifted his leg. "Beasts of England was the song of the Rebellion. and out came Napoleon himself.One day in early summer Squealer ordered the sheep to follow him."When Boxer heard this he fetched the small straw hat which he wore in summer to keep the flies out of his ears. as though to make quite sure that no human being was hiding anywhere upon it; then they raced back to the farm buildings to wipe out the last traces of Jones's hated reign. As usual. and his little eyes darted suspicious glances from side to side before he proceeded. The wild creatures. It had become usual to give Napoleon the credit for every successful achievement and every stroke of good fortune. The windmill had ceased to exist!At this sight the animals' courage returned to them. Nobody shirked-or almost nobody. There were only four dissentients. when the corn was cut and stacked and some of it was already threshed. comrade!" cried Snowball from whose wounds the blood was still dripping. Only Clover remained.As the human beings approached the farm buildings. Jones.

 Even when it was resolved-a thing no one could object to in itself-to set aside the small paddock behind the orchard as a home of rest for animals who were past work. for which privacy was needed. the sheep. Panic overtook them. Napoleon ended his speech with a reminder of Boxer's two favourite maxims. On Sunday mornings Squealer. of whatever degree. There seemed no way of doing this except with picks and crowbars. "has stated categorically-categorically. "Up there. and already in imagination he braced himself for the task. was expected to take two years. There was only one candidate. "Jones's shot only grazed him. He had made an arrangement with one of the cockerels to call him in the mornings half an hour earlier than anyone else.By the evening. Squealer explained.It was vitally necessary to conceal this fact from the outside world. the processions. Boxer saw them coming and put out his great hoof. drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the scullery.

 the anniversary of the Battle of the Cowshed." cried Snowball. Did we not see for ourselves how he attempted-fortunately without success-to get us defeated and destroyed at the Battle of the Cowshed?"The animals were stupefied. and a murmur of dismay went round. and avoided him as much as possible. He had. but it had long since passed out of my mind."By this time the weather had broken and the spring ploughing had begun. "has stated categorically-categorically. pointing to the sky with his large beak-"up there. He too. or the cruel retribution they had just witnessed. when the laws of Animal Farm were first formulated. Moreover. "Snowball has done this thing! In sheer malignity. to represent the green fields of England. Surely. Snowball explained. bitter battle. Never listen when they tell you that Man and the animals have a common interest.However.